PGT
During an IVF cycle, cells from an embryo can be carefully removed, and their genetic material can be analyzed before the embryo is transferred to the uterus. This process is called Preimplantation Genetic Testing (PGT), which allows for the screening of embryos for chromosomal abnormalities. It is an option that can provide patients with reassurance regarding the health of their embryos, in addition to their chances for a successful pregnancy through IVF.
There are different types of PGT depending on what genetic factor you are testing for:
PGT for aneuploidy (PGT-A)
Studies indicate that as women age, their risk of chromosomal abnormalities in embryos increases, which in turn elevates the risk of miscarriage. These abnormalities encompass a variety of common embryonic chromosomal disorders, such as aneuploidy (the presence of too few or too many chromosomes) and other chromosomal issues that may lead to miscarriage or IVF failure. PGS is typically offered to couples facing recurrent pregnancy loss or when the female partner is of advanced maternal age. This screening method plays a crucial role in enhancing the likelihood of a successful pregnancy by identifying the healthiest embryos before proceeding with embryo transfer.
Several reasons why patients may consider PGT-A include:
- Women 35-37 years of age or older
- Prior failed IVF without explanation
- Prior pregnancy affected by a chromosome abnormality
- Desire to select the healthiest embryo for a single embryo transfer
- Desire to identify and freeze chromosomally normal embryos for fertility preservation and future pregnancy
PGT for monogenic disorders (PGT-M)
For couples with a family history of genetic diseases or known carriers of genetic conditions, PGT-M testing offers the ability to screen embryos at the genetic DNA level. PGT-M is also a viable choice for couples experiencing recurrent pregnancy loss (miscarriage) attributable to genetic disorders or those who already have one child affected by a genetic disorder and face a high risk of having another child with the same condition. This comprehensive testing can detect specific gene abnormalities such as Cystic Fibrosis, Thalassemia, Myotonic Dystrophy, or Spinal Muscular Atrophy. PGT-M testing provides a means to reduce the likelihood of having a child carrying a genetic abnormality.